{"id":17510,"date":"2021-06-29T09:25:50","date_gmt":"2021-06-29T00:25:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ds27i1.cc.yamaguchi-u.ac.jp\/~hmt\/?p=17510"},"modified":"2021-07-08T09:39:12","modified_gmt":"2021-07-08T00:39:12","slug":"%e5%ad%a6%e3%81%b3%e3%82%92%e9%98%bb%e5%ae%b3%e3%81%97%e3%81%aa%e3%81%84%e8%a9%95%e4%be%a1%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ds27i1.cc.yamaguchi-u.ac.jp\/~hmt\/2021\/06\/29\/17510.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5b66\u3073\u3092\u963b\u5bb3\u3057\u306a\u3044\u8a55\u4fa1\u65b9\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"textBody\">\n<p>\u524d\u56de\u3001\u524d\u3005\u56de\u3068\u30cf\u30fc\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\u306e\u8457\u66f8\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u3066\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6210\u7e3e\u8a55\u4fa1\u3068\u9078\u5225\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u66f8\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30cf\u30fc\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u4e2d\u5b66\u6821\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u306f\u3069\u3046\u3067\u3057\u3087<br \/>\n\u3046\u304b\u3002\u5927\u5b66\u3067\u306e\u6210\u7e3e\u8a55\u4fa1\u306f\u5b66\u3073\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3059\u308b\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6559\u54e1\u304b\u3089\u5b66\u751f\u3078\u306e\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u300c\u8a55\u4fa1\u7684(evaluative)\u300d\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3068\u300c\u8a18\u8ff0\u7684(descriptive)\u300d\u306a\u3082\u306e\u306e\u4e8c\u3064\u306b\u5206\u985e\u3057\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306b\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u300c\u79c0\u3001\u512a\u3001\u826f\u3001<br \/>\n\u53ef\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u300d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6bb5\u968e\u8a55\u4fa1\u306f\u524d\u8005\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u7684\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u5f53\u305f\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f8c\u8005\u306e\u8a18\u8ff0\u7684\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u306f\u3001\u8a55\u4fa1\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u5c06\u6765\u3069\u3046\u3059\u308c<br \/>\n\u3070\u3088\u308a\u6709\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308c\u308b\u304b\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u300c\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u3089\u3082\u3063\u3068\u3088\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3088\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3001\u30a2\u30c9\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8208\u5473<br \/>\n\u6df1\u3044\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u3092A, B, C\u4e09\u3064\u306e\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306b\u5206\u3051\u3066\u3001A\u306b\u306f\u8a55\u4fa1\u7684\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u3001B\u306b\u306f\u8a18\u8ff0\u7684\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002C\u306b\u306f\u4f55\u306e\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc<br \/>\n\u30c9\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u3082\u4e0e\u3048\u306a\u3044\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3067\u300c\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u578b\u300d\u3068\u300c\u91cf\u7684\u306a\u4f5c\u696d\u300d\u306e\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3046\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5927\u5dee\u3067B\u304c\u6700\u3082\u3088\u3044\u6210\u7e3e\u3092\u6b8b\u3059\u7d50\u679c\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u305d\u3046\u3067<br \/>\n\u3059\u3002A\u306f\u300c\u91cf\u7684\u306a\u4f5c\u696d\u300d\u3067\u306fC\u306b\u52dd\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001\u300c\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u578b\u300d\u306e\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u3067\u306f\u5dee\u304c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u5b66\u3073\u306e\u4fc3\u9032\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6bb5\u968e\u8a55\u4fa1\u3088\u308a\u3082\u6539\u5584\u70b9\u3092\u793a\u3057\u305f\u30b3<br \/>\n\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u3060\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u9762\u767d\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3001\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8a18\u8ff0\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u306b<strong>\u52a0\u3048\u3066<\/strong>\u3001\u6bb5\u968e\u8a55\u4fa1\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8a55\u4fa1\u7684\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u3082<strong>\u8ffd\u52a0<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> \u3067<\/strong>\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u307f\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3001\u305d\u306e\u8ffd\u52a0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002\u6bb5\u968e\u8a55\u4fa1(grading)\u306f\u5b66\u3073\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3059\u308b\u3069\u3053\u308d\u304b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u963b\u5bb3\u3059\u308b\u8981\u56e0<br \/>\n\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u6c17\u6301\u3061\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3060\u3051\u306a\u3089\u8aad\u3080\u304c\u3001\u300c\u826f\u300d\u3068\u304b\u300c\u53ef\u300d\u3068\u304b\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u304c\u3064\u3044\u3066\u304f\u308b\u3068\u8aad\u3080\u6c17\u306b\u3082\u306a\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3067\u3057\u3087<br \/>\n\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u3001<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u8a55\u4fa1\u3092\u6e1b\u3089\u3057\u3066\uff08\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5225\u306e\u3084\u308a\u65b9\u306b\u3057\u3066\uff09\u5b66\u3073\u3092\u5897\u3084\u3059<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u306e\u8ad6\u6587(Jeffrey Schinske and Kimberly Tanner, Teaching More by Grading Less (or Differently), <em>Life Sciences Education<\/em> Vol 13,<br \/>\n159-166, 2014. \u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u8aad\u3081\u307e\u3059)\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u7d39\u4ecb\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059(p.161)\u3002 \u3053\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u306f\u6bb5\u968e\u8a55\u4fa1\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5224\u5b9a\u3092\u4e0b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u5b66\u751f\u306b\u5b66\u3073\u3092\u52d5\u6a5f\u3065\u3051\u308b\u3069\u3053\u308d\u304b\u3001\u6bb5\u968e\u8a55\u4fa1\u306f\u591a\u304f\u306e\u9762\u3067\u5168\u304f\u9006\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u826f\u3044\u9762\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u9054\u6210\u5ea6\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u5b66\u751f\u306b\u9ad8\u3044\u6bb5<br \/>\n\u968e\u8a55\u4fa1\u3092\u7372\u5f97\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u308b \u2014 \u305d\u306e\u76ee\u6a19\u304c\u5b66\u3073\u3068\u91cd\u306a\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u306b\u610f\u3092\u6255\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f \u2014 \u3053\u3068\u3092\u52d5\u6a5f\u3065\u3051\u308b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u6700\u60aa\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u3001<br \/>\n\u6bb5\u968e\u8a55\u4fa1\u306f\u5b66\u3073\u3078\u306e\u8208\u5473\u3092\u5931\u308f\u305b\u3001\u4e0d\u5b89\u3092\u3042\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5916\u5728\u7684\u306a\u52d5\u6a5f\u3065\u3051\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3068\u308a\u308f\u3051\u5b66\u7fd2\u306b\u82e6\u52b4\u3059\u308b\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u9855\u8457\u3067\u3042<br \/>\n\u308b\u3002(p.162)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u306f\u3001\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30fc\u30d6\u30fb\u30dc\u30eb\u30af\u3068\u30d9\u30b9\u30fb\u30d9\u30cd\u30c7\u30a3\u30af\u30b9\u8457\u306e <em>The Post-Pandemic Liberal Arts College: A Manifesto for Reinvention<\/em> (Belt<br \/>\nPublishing, 2020)\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u53c2\u7167\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u672c\u306f\u3001\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u306e\u30ea\u30d9\u30e9\u30eb\u30a2\u30fc\u30c4\u5927\u5b66(Small Liberal Arts Colleges = SLACs)\u306e\u6539\u9769\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3092\u8a34\u3048\u308b<br \/>\n\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u7af6\u4e89\u3092\u3042\u304a\u308b\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u306a\u793e\u4f1a\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u5e45\u3092\u5229\u304b\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u696d\u7e3e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u80fd\u529b\u4e3b\u7fa9(meritocracy)\u304c\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u3092\u8755\u3093\u3067\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u305d\u308c\u304c\u65b0\u578b\u30b3\u30ed<br \/>\n\u30ca\u611f\u67d3\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6df7\u4e71\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u8868\u306b\u51fa\u3066\u304d\u305f\u306e\u3060\u3068\u8ad6\u3058\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5404\u5927\u5b66\u306f\u30e9\u30f3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u9806\u4f4d\u3092\u4e0a\u3052\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u8840\u9053\u3092\u4e0a\u3052\u3001\u683c\u5dee\u306e\u662f\u6b63\u306b\u5bc4\u4e0e\u3059\u308b\u3069\u3053\u308d\u304b\u3001\u683c\u5dee\u306e<br \/>\n\u518d\u751f\u7523\u306b\u52a0\u62c5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u73fe\u72b6\u306e\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u306f\u3001\u5c11\u6570\u306e\u52dd\u3061\u7d44\u306e\u4eba\u9593\u3092\u89aa\u306b\u6301\u3064\u5b66\u751f\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3060\u3051\u306e\u3082\u306e\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30dc\u30eb\u30af\u3068\u30d9\u30cd\u30c7\u30a3\u30af\u30b9\u306e\u6279\u5224\u306f\u6210\u7e3e\u8a55\u4fa1\u306b\u3082\u5411\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306f\u5b66\u751f\u3068\u6559\u54e1\u306e\u3069\u3061\u3089\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3082\u6bb5\u968e\u8a55\u4fa1\u306f\u60aa\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u306f\u30d7<br \/>\n\u30ec\u30c3\u30b7\u30e3\u30fc\u304b\u3089\u4e0d\u6b63\u884c\u70ba\u306b\u8d70\u308a\uff082016\u5e74\u306b\u306f\u30cf\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u30c9\u306e4\u5e74\u751f\u306e21%\u304c\u4e0d\u6b63\u3092\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u30a2\u30f3\u30b1\u30fc\u30c8\u306b\u7b54\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\uff09\u3001\u9ad8\u3044\u8a55\u4fa1\u3092\u78ba\u4fdd\u3059\u308b\u305f<br \/>\n\u3081\u306b\u3001\u5275\u9020\u6027\u306a\u3069\u306b\u306f\u76ee\u3082\u304f\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u6559\u54e1\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u8a55\u4fa1\u3060\u3051\u3092\u6c17\u306b\u3057\u3001\u6559\u54e1\u81ea\u8eab\u304c\u60c5\u71b1\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u6559\u3048\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u809d\u5fc3\u306e\u4e3b\u984c\u306b\u307e\u3063\u305f\u304f\u8208\u5473\u3092<br \/>\n\u6301\u305f\u306a\u3044\u6388\u696d\u307b\u3069\u6c17\u306e\u6ec5\u5165\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u306b\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u696d\u3092\u3084\u3089\u305b\u308b\u8ab2\u984c\u3092\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u5b66\u3073\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3088\u3044\u3068\u308f\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044<br \/>\n\u3066\u3082\u3001\u697d\u3092\u3057\u3066\u826f\u3044\u8a55\u4fa1\u3092\u5f97\u308b\u300c\u30bf\u30c0\u4e57\u308a\u300d\u5b66\u751f\u304c\u51fa\u3066\u304d\u3066\u306f\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u306e\u3067\u3001\u8ae6\u3081\u3056\u308b\u3092\u5f97\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u307e\u308b\u3067\u30b2\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6bb5\u968e\u8a55\u4fa1\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3046<br 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